Introduction
The goal of this lab course is to illustrate principles from the circuits class and teach the use of electronic test equipment.
Keep all lab work in a quad-rule bound notebook with numbered pages. Leave room for a table of contents at the beginning and record the page numbers of each lab. Date each page as you use it. Data, schematics, and final work should go on the right side. Use the left side for scratch work. Do not do scratch work on scratch paper --- everything you write in the lab should go in your lab notebook. Hand-written entries should be in ink rather than pencil.
For each experiment, begin by taping the lab handouts in your notebook. Draw block diagrams and schematics as you design and build circuits. As you take data, put it neatly in tables. Add sketches or printouts of oscilloscope traces where appropriate. Make simple hand-drawn plots of results if necessary. Leave space for computer-generated plots if you want to add these later. Record information on your procedure. There should be enough information so that an engineer not familiar with our lab could reproduce your work. Cross out bad work with a single line through it, rather than blacking it out. When you review your work, it is sometimes useful to see what mistakes you made, and why. The lab notebook should be neat but not formal. Be sure to include units with all data and all plots.
The lab notebooks will not leave the lab! They will graded on a weekly basis based on the above criteria.
Hints:
Often, you will not be asked a specific question about a part of the lab, but you are expected to explain and comment on each section. You should look for key words in the lab handout. One key word is measure. If you are asked for a measurement, your instructor will expect to see the measured value in your write-up. If appropriate, the measurements should be presented in a table. If you make more than one measurement, you should almost always plot the result, even if you are not explicitly asked to do so. Also, a measurement should not be presented without an explanation. You should not say just ``I measured the voltage across the resistor to be 5.13 Volts,'' but ``I measured the voltage across the resistor to be 5.13 Volts. This is close to the value of 5.00 Volts calculated using the voltage divider formula. The 2.6 % difference is probably due to the 5 % tolerance of the resistors we use in this lab.''
Another key word is plot. If you are asked to plot something, you are also expected to comment on the plot --- for example, do the points fall on a straight line? If so, why?
Compare is another key word which requires and explanation. For example, in Lab 1 you are asked to compare a measured resistance value to the labeled value of a resistor. It is not sufficient to say ``The measured value of 22.7 kohm is close to the labeled value of 22 kohm.'' Instead, you should say something like ``The measured value of 22.7 kohm is 3 % different from the labeled value of 22 kohm. This is within the 5 % tolerance of the resistors we use in this lab.''
When you start a lab, your work area will be neat and clean. When you finish, it is expected that you will leave with your work area neat and clean. Return any components you used in the lab to their appropriate bins. Remove all wires you put on the breadboard, and return them to the wire bin. Make sure multimeter and scope probes are untangled and placed neatly in the work area. If you consistently leave your area messy, points will be deducted from your lab grade.