This laboratory will give you more experience with the tools we will use this semester. Be sure to read through the entire lab and do the pre-lab for each section before coming to lab.

1.

Consider the program in Figure 1:

               prog:   equ     $0800

               CODE:   section .text
                       org     prog
                       ldaa    #12
                       ldab    #195
                       aba
                       std     $900
                       swi

  

Figure 1: Demo program for Part 1 of Lab 2

Do (a), (b) and (c) before coming to lab.

(a)

Hand-assemble this program. I.e., determine the op-codes the HC12 will use to execute this program.

(b)

How many instruction cycles will it take the HC12 to execute this program? How long (in time) will this take on the HC12? (Do not consider the swi instruction.)

(c)

What will be in address 0x0900 after the program executes?

(d)

Assemble the program using ca6812, clnk and chex. Look at the S19 file. You should be able to relate the op-codes from part (a) to the data in the S19 file. Appendix A of the Evaluation Board User's Manual describes the format of the S19 file.

(e)

Now execute the program in the ZAP simulator. After starting ZAP, set the cycle counter to zero. You can do this by going to the COMMAND window and giving the instruction eval $time=0. Trace through the program using ZAP. To find out how many cycles it took to execute, go to the COMMAND window an give the instruction eval $time. Compare this to the answer of part (b).

(f)

Look at the condition code register after you have traced over the aba instruction. Verify that the Z, N, V and C bits are what you expect.

(g)

In the MEMORY window look at the contents of address 0x0900. Does the value agree with your answer of part (c)? (Note: ZAP does not automatically update the memory window. You will need to load the memory window again using the Address menu of the MEMORY window.)

(h)

You could change this program to subtract rather than add by changing the aba instruction to a sba instruction. Rather than going back to the text editor, modifying the program, assembling it and loading the new program into the simulator, you can easily change the one instruction of the simulator.

i.

Find the address of the aba instruction. Do this by looking at the program code in the ASSEMBLE window of the simulator.

ii.

In the CPU12 Reference Manual, find the op code for the sba instruction.

iii.

In the MEMORY window, go to the address of the aba instruction, and change the op code to that of the sba instruction. You can change a value in the MEMORY window by double-clicking on it and typing in the new value.

iv.

Run the program again, and verify that the program now subtracts rather than adds.

(i)

Repeat (f) through (h) on your EVBU. For part (h), use the ASM command of D-Bug 12 to look at and change the program instruction on the EVBU. This is easier than changing the op code in memory.

2.

Consider the program in Figure 2, which is a program to divide a table of ten values by 2.

               ; 68HC11 demo program
               ; Bill Rison
               ; 1/26/99
               
               ; This is a program to take a table of data, and create a new table
               ; which is the original table divided by 2
               
                        title   "LAB 2 Demo Program"
               
               prog:    equ     $0800    ;put program at address 0x0800
               data:    equ     $0900    ;put data at address 0x0900
               count:   equ     10       ;number of entries in table
               
               CODE:    section .text
                        org     prog     ;set program counter to 0x0800
                        ldx     #table1  ;Reg X points to entry to process in table 1
                        ldy     #table2  ;Reg Y points to entry to write to table 2
                        ldab    #count   ;ACC B holds number of entries left to process
               repeat:  ldaa    1,x+     ;Get table1 entry into ACC A; inc X to next entry
                        asra             ;Divide by 2
                        staa    1,y+     ;Save in table2; inc Y to next entry in table2
                        dbne    b,repeat ;Decrement number left to process;
                                         ;If not done, process next table1 entry
                        swi              ;Done -- Exit
               
               
               DATA:    section .data
                        org     data
               ;initialize table1 (COUNT bytes long)
               table1:  dc.b    $07,$ae,$4a,$f3,$6c,$30,$7f,$12,$67,$cf
               table2:  ds.b    count    ;reserve count bytes for table2.

  

Figure 2: demo program for part 2 of lab 2

(a)

Use a text editor to enter this program, or download it from here . Assemble the program into an s19 file.

(b)

Load the h12 program into the simulator. Run the program. How many cycles does it take to execute the entire program? How long would this take on the EVBU?

(c)

Use the fill submenu of the memory window simulator to change the values in addresses 0x0900 through 0x0920 to 0xff. Reload the h12 file.

(d)

Set a break point at repeat.

(e)

Execute the program again. The program should stop the first time it reaches the repeat label, with 0x0a in acc B, 0x0900 in X, and 0x90a in Y.

(f)

Continue running the program. It should stop each time it gets to the repeat label - B should be decremented by one, X and Y should be incremented by one, and there should be a new entry in table2. (Note: ZAP does not automatically update the memory window. You will need to load the memory window again using the Address menu of the MEMORY window.)

(g)

Repeat the above using the EVBU.

3.

Consider the code of figure 3 . Do parts (a) and (b) below before coming to lab.

                                  ldab    #250
                        loop1:    ldx     #40000
                        loop2:    dex
                                  bne     loop2
                                  decb
                                  bne     loop1
                                  swi
          

  

Figure 3: Demo program for part 3 of lab 2

(a)

Answer as part of pre-lab: How many cycles will it take to execute this program? How long will this take on the EVBU?

(b)

Use a text editor to enter the code into a program - you will have to add org statements and other assembler directives to make the program work.

(c)

Assemble the program and run it on the HC12. How long does it take to run? This time should match your answer to part (a).